We have studied the ULCEROGENIC effect of indomethacin in stretozocin. Induced diabetic rats. Streptozocin (65 mg kg-1) was injected intraperitoneally to male wistar rats. The blood glucose concentration was determined continuously. Blood glucose level increased significantly (P<0.001) after 30 days. Gastric erosions were induced by intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin (50 mg kg-1) in fasted animals. A significant (P<0.001) increase in ulcer index was found in diabetic rats

The term "NON- Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)" is applied when sonographic and pathologic view of liver shows alcoholic hepatitis changes without history of alcohol consumption. Radiologic findings can easily make the diagnosis and liver biopsy confirms the initial suspicion. It is showed that up to 43.5% of patients with asymptomatic abnormal liver transferases levels have some degrees of NASH, which suggest the importance of being familiar with the issue and how to approach and treat it. NASH is commonly accompanied with diabetes mellitus (especially type II), obesity and hyperlipidemia. These findings support the theory in which insulin resistance is the mainstay of NASH pathophysiology. The natural history of NASH is unclear but surely it is far better than alcoholic related liver disease. It is estimated that up to 8% of patients would meet cirrhosis, considering risk factors such as obesity and features found in biopsy specimen. Steatosis, polymorphonuclear lobular inflammation, ballooning degeneration, hyaline- Mallory bodies and cirrhosis are among different pathologies seen in biopsy. It is important to rule out other chronic liver diseases including drug induced liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, and metabolic and autoimmune liver diseases to establish the diagnosis of NASH. There is no definite treatment for NASH. Therapeutic measures are categorized as reducing risk factors and using hepatocellular protective agents. The former includes weight reduction, treating hyperinsulinemia and diabetes, control of hypertriglyceridemia and leptin. Protective agents are anti-oxidants like vitamin E and/ or C, probucol, silymarin, ursodeoxycholic acid, reducing iron load, N-acetyl cystein, food supplements and cytokines. Increasing rate of NASH is reported among children and adolescences, which could be due to growing amount of obesity in these age groups.

Background: The most frequently used test for evaluation of fetal health is the NON Stress Test (NST). Unfortunately it has a high incidence of false positive results. The combination of vibroacoustic stimulation with the NTS has been shown to reduce NON reactive results.Methods: A tests assessment method was chosen with a simple randomized sampling. 40 pregnant women with NON reactive NST in the first 20 minutes who received VAS in one of Tehran University's Hospitals were compared with BPP scores. A vibroacoustic stimulation was applied for a 3 seconds on the maternal abdomen and fallowed within 10 minutes. Data collection tools were NST, sonography instruments, NST result paper, tooth brusher, watch, demographic questioner and check list. Data analysis was made by descriptive static and by using the Fisher's Exact Test (with level of significant at p<0/05). All statistical analysis were performed using an spss/win.Results: After VAS, 70% of NON reactive tracing became reactive. All cases with fetal reactivity response after a VAS had a subsequent BPP score of 8 (negative predictive value of 100%). False positivity of VAS was lower than NST.Conclusion: VAS offers benefits, by decreasing the incidence of NON reactive test and reducing test time. VAS lowers the rate of false positive NST. VAS is safe and allows more efficient of prenatal services. This test could be used as a rapid antepartum test to predict fetal well-being.

In traditional medicine, some plants are used as analgesic. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the analgesic effect of "Melilotus Officinalis", which is used traditionally to relieve rheumatic pain, migrain and as anti-inflammatory agent. For this purpose different doses of the suxheleted and percolated extract of melilotus officinal is, were injected intraperitoneally to mice and the analgesic effect was determined by tail flick and formalin tests. The results showed that, suxheleted methanolic extract with doses of 50, 100, 200 and 300mg/kg induced significant analgesia effect in comparison with the control group (P<0.01). The maximum analgesic effect was observed in 200mg/kg which reached to its peak at 120 min after injection (P<0. 01). Analgesic effect of suxheleted extract was higher than percolated one. Pretreatment of animals with naloxane did not change the analgesic effect of the extract; therefore the involvement of opioid receptors was excluded in this respect. The ULCEROGENICity test showed that the ULCEROGENIC effect of the extract was lower than that of the same dose of indomethacine. Overall the results indicated that the extract of the plant had analgesic effect.

Background: Long-term clinical employment of NONsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with significant side effects including gastrointestinal (GI) lesions and kidney toxicity. In this paper we designed and synthesized new imidazolyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles and 1, 2, 4-triazoles by molecular hybridization of previously described anti-inflammatory compounds in the hope of obtaining new safer analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.Methods: The target structures were synthesized by preparation of 5-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 5.The reaction of hydrazine hydrate with this ester afforded the 5-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide 6 which was converted to target compounds 7-15 according to the known procedures. In silico toxicity risk assessment and drug likeness predictions were done, in order to consider the privileges of the synthesized structures as drug candidates.Results and discussion: The analgesic and anti-inflammatory profile of the synthesized compounds were evaluated by writhing and carrageenan induced rat paw edema tests respectively. Compounds 8, 9 and 11-13 and 15 were active analgesic agents and compounds 8, 9 and 11-13 showed significant anti-inflammatory response in comparison with control. Compounds 11 and 13 were screened for their ULCEROGENIC activities and NONe of them showed significant ULCEROGENIC activity. The active Compounds 11 and 12 showed the highest drug likeness and drug score.Conclusions: The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of title compounds were comparable to that of standard drug indomethacin with a safer profile of activity. The results revealed that both of oxadiazole and triazole scaffolds can be determined as pharmacophores. The in silico predictions and pharmacological evaluations showed that compounds 11 and 12 can be chosen as lead for further investigations.

Background & Aim: Homalium letestui Pellegr (Flacourtiaceae) used traditionally by the Ibibios of Southern Nigeria to treat stomach ulcer, malaria and other inflammatory diseases was evaluated for antiulcer properties.Experimental: The effects of ethanol stem extract of H. letestui (200 – 600 mg/kg) and fractions (Aqueous and Dichloromethane, 400 mg/kg) on experimentally induced ulcer were studied in rats using ethanol, indomethacin, reserpine and histamine –induced ulcer models.Results & Discussion: The extract (200 – 600 mg/kg) inhibited ethanol, indomethacin, reserpine and histamine –induced ulcer models in a dose dependent fashion. The various degrees of inhibitions were statistically significant (p<0.05, 0.01, 0.001). The effects of the extract/fraction were comparable to that of the standard drugs used in indomethacin and ethanol-induced ulcer models with the dichloromethane fraction having the highest activity.Industrial and practical recommendations: The present study demonstrates that stem extract of Homalium letestui might to be useful for the treatment of ulcer.

Meloxicam is a NON steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and oestoarthritis. It is practically insoluble in water leading to poor dissolution, variations in bioavailability and gastric irritation on oral administration. In order to modulate its gastric side effect and to increase aqueous solubility, physical mixture and solid dispersion of the drug were prepared with polyethylene glycol 6000 and polyvinyl pyrrolidine. The analgesic, anti-inflammatory and ULCEROGENIC effects were assessed for physical mixture and solid dispersion in comparison with meloxicam alone. The results indicate that both physical mixture and solid dispersion possess better analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties with less ULCEROGENIC potential as compared to pure meloxicam.

Isolated NON compaction of left ventricular myocardium is a rare cardiomyopathy due to abnormal endomyocardialmorphogenesis.The incidence of NON compaction cardiomyopathy in the general population has been estimated at 0.05% to 0.25% per year.NCCMP is a heart muscle disorder that is still little known among physicians and was first described in 1984 by engberding and bender.Echocardiography is diagnostic method of choice.We report our recent experience with six NCCM patients who present at our hospital between September2011and April 2012. Three patients were with severe symptoms, two patients with mild symptoms and one patient was asymptomatic. serial follow up and medical management is advisable in these patients for improving outcome.

Background and aim: NON-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are one of the most prevalent malignancies of the human. Although the morality rate is not high for these cancers, they may cause high morbility for the patients. In addition to the skin type, factors such as sun exposure, head and neck radiotherapy, inappropriate use of sunscreen and cultural changes may increase the incidence of these cancers. The objective of this study was to determine NMSC in Isfahan.Materials and Methods: We used data of the cancer resistery center for performing this study and the incidence of NMSC per 100,000 populations was determined. Results: Overall 1681 cases were registered. The incidence of NMSC was calculated to be 10.67/100,000population. The most common site for BCC and SCC was middle face. Conclusion: NMSC incidence in Isfahan is lower than west countries although this incidence is 10.67/100,000in a year. It means that 5-6 thousand cases of NMSC occur in Iran each year. We can prevent its morbidity and mortality by early correct diagnosis.